{"id":44566,"date":"2022-06-01T15:01:24","date_gmt":"2022-06-01T13:01:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pharma-trend.com\/en\/the-2022-kavli-prize-honors-pioneering-scientists-for-breakthrough-discoveries-in-the-cause-of-brain-disorders-creation-of-self-assembled-monolayers-and-development-of-and-helioseismology-and-astero\/"},"modified":"2022-06-01T15:01:24","modified_gmt":"2022-06-01T13:01:24","slug":"the-2022-kavli-prize-honors-pioneering-scientists-for-breakthrough-discoveries-in-the-cause-of-brain-disorders-creation-of-self-assembled-monolayers-and-development-of-and-helioseismology-and-astero","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pharma-trend.com\/en\/the-2022-kavli-prize-honors-pioneering-scientists-for-breakthrough-discoveries-in-the-cause-of-brain-disorders-creation-of-self-assembled-monolayers-and-development-of-and-helioseismology-and-astero\/","title":{"rendered":"The 2022 Kavli Prize Honors Pioneering Scientists for Breakthrough Discoveries in the Cause of Brain Disorders, Creation of Self-assembled Monolayers, and Development of and Helioseismology and Asteroseismology"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>OSLO, Norway&#8211;(BUSINESS WIRE)&#8211;<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/KavliPrize2022?src=hash\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#KavliPrize2022<\/a>&#8211;The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters today announced the 2022 Kavli Prize Laureates in the fields of astrophysics, nanoscience, and neuroscience. Eleven scientists from six countries are honored for their research that has transformed our understanding of the big, the small and the complex. The laureates in each field will share $1 million USD.\n<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mms.businesswire.com\/media\/20220531005908\/en\/1471698\/19\/Notifying_Neuroscience_1920x1080.mp4\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mms.businesswire.com\/media\/20220531005908\/en\/1471698\/21\/Notifying_Neuroscience_1920x1080.jpg\"><\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/mms.businesswire.com\/media\/20220531005908\/en\/1471665\/5\/Kavli-Prize-white.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mms.businesswire.com\/media\/20220531005908\/en\/1471665\/21\/Kavli-Prize-white.jpg\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\nThe 2022 Kavli Prizes recognize<b> <\/b>pioneering science in the development of helioseismology and asteroseismology; development of self-assembled monolayers on solid substrates and molecular-scale coatings to control surface properties; and the discovery of genes underlying a range of serious brain disorders.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>This year\u2019s Kavli Prize Laureates are:<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul class=\"bwlistdisc\">\n<li>\n<b>Kavli Prize in Astrophysics: <\/b>Conny Aerts (Belgium), J\u00f8rgen Christensen-Dalsgaard (Denmark), and Roger Ulrich (USA).\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<b>Kavli Prize in Nanoscience:<\/b> David L. Allara (USA), Ralph G. Nuzzo (USA), Jacob Sagiv (Israel) and George Whitesides (USA).\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<b>Kavli Prize in Neuroscience<\/b>: Jean-Louis Mandel (France), Harry T. Orr (USA), Christopher A. Walsh (USA), and Huda Y. Zoghbi (Lebanon\/USA).\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u201cWe honor the 2022 Kavli Prize Laureates for their transformative contributions to science and society. Their discoveries created entirely new fields, opened up new realms of scientific research and advanced science for the benefit of humankind,\u201d says Lise \u00d8vre\u00e5s, president of The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Astrophysics<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p>\nThree scientists share The Kavli Prize in Astrophysics for their pioneering work in developing the fields of helioseismology and asteroseismology, and for breakthrough research that laid the foundations of solar and stellar structure theory and revolutionized our understanding of the interiors of stars.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nPairing the study of oscillations on the sun\u2019s and other stellar surfaces with mathematical modeling, the laureates combined data-analysis methods (such as time series analysis, pattern recognition, and statistical modeling) with the physics and chemistry of thermodynamics, nuclear and atomic physics, and quantum mechanics. The bridging of these scientific fields allows the extraordinarily precise determination of the physical properties of stellar interiors.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u201cThese three scientists are the pioneers of helioseismology and asteroseismology and span the development of these fields,\u201d pointed out Chair of the Astrophysics Committee, Viggo Hansteen. \u201cAll three figured out a way to look at the inside of different types of stars and developed tools to study them precisely.\u201d\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Roger Ulrich<\/b> was the first to show that the oscillations observed on the solar surface can be used to make precise measurements of the characteristics of the interior of the sun and developed a mathematical model, giving the field of helioseismology a theoretical foundation. He demonstrated that the sun behaves like a musical instrument, ringing with large numbers of acoustic waves, each having a resonant frequency \u2013 just like an organ pipe or a plucked violin string. His demonstration of the agreement between solar calculations and observations was a key ingredient in convincing physicists that the solar neutrino problem could only be solved by revising standard electroweak theory.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>J\u00f8rgen Christensen-Dalsgaard <\/b>further<b> <\/b>developed the topic of helioseismology and played a major role in the development of asteroseismology, studying low-mass cool stars and the sun. He determined the sound speed profile throughout the sun, its two-dimensional rotation map, its helium content, and the level of helium settling at the base of its convection zone. With this, he saw the great potential of applying this science to other stars in the Milky Way, fully realized with the launch of the CoRoT, Kepler, and TESS planet finding missions.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Conny Aerts<\/b> is a leading figure of asteroseismology and is widely known for her work on massive hot stars. She extended the research to stars of all masses in various evolutionary stages, using both ground- and space-based observations and developed clever methods to identify pulsation modes in massive stars, opening the doors to the modeling of their interiors. Aerts also pioneered a rigorous methodology to identify and model gravito-inertial modes in rapidly rotating stars, and the first quantitative estimates of certain stellar cores and interactions, leading to significant improvements in stellar evolution theory.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Nanoscience<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p>\nInteraction with materials occurs through their surfaces. The 2022 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience honors four pioneers whose work transformed surface science and has led to applications shaping our daily lives in areas from medical diagnostics to semiconductor devices. These scientists created molecular-scale coatings for surfaces which enable unprecedented control and engineering of surface properties. Theirs was a shared vision, inspired by the concept of organized monolayer films introduced in the 1930s by American physicists and chemists, Katherine Blodgett and Irving Langmuir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u201cSelf-assembled monolayers are extremely important in many phenomena at the nanoscale,\u201d stated Chair of the Nanoscience Committee, Bodil Holst. \u201cSagiv, Nuzzo, Allara and Whitesides opened up a whole new world with their discoveries. This is documented through scientific insights and the enormous amount of applications utilizing self-assembled monolayers.\u201d\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Jacob Sagiv <\/b>provided the first demonstrations of the possibility of creating films of molecules adsorbed on glass and metal surfaces. The concept worked for molecules with different functional groups and could in principle be useful in myriad applications.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Ralph Nuzzo <\/b>and<b> David Allara<\/b> showed the first self-assembled monolayers strongly bond to bare metal surfaces. They established that self-assembled monolayers can be characterized by infrared and other optical spectroscopies. Also, they deduced the packing and orientation of the constituent molecules including their functional groups. This generated a deep scientific understanding which enabled the rational design of self-assembled monolayers with specific functionalities.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>George Whitesides <\/b>and his team at Harvard were responsible for many innovations which consolidated self-assembled monolayers as a field of nanoscience and engineering. Whitesides\u2019 work demonstrated that it was possible to use self-assembled monolayers to create countless patterns on the micrometer scale. Self-assembled monolayers have since enabled a large number of commercial applications and multi-billion-dollar commercial markets, and are used extensively in medical diagnostics, pharmacology, biosensors, chemical sensors, printers, electronics manufacturing, paints, solar cells, and batteries.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Neuroscience<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p>\nBefore scientists mapped the human genome in the early 2000s, the quest for genes was a laborious process. Four persistent neuroscientists are recognized for pioneering the discovery of genes underlying a range of serious brain disorders and establishing a blueprint for neuroscience research, diagnosis, and treatment for fragile X syndrome, spinocerebeller ataxia, Rett syndrome, and rare forms of epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u201cThese scientists discovered the genetic basis of multiple brain disorders, and elucidated the pathways by which these genes work,\u201d says Chair of the Neuroscience Committee, Kristine B. Walhovd.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Jean-Louis Mandel<\/b> discovered an unusual mutation in a gene on the X chromosome that causes fragile X syndrome, an inherited form of intellectual disability, including autism and most commonly presents in males. He showed that the mutation was a string of triple-letter repeats that disrupted the FMR1 gene. Such repeats disrupt the transcription of the FMRP protein, which is vital for brain function. Today, \u201cunstable repeat expansions\u201d are recognized as a common disease mechanism responsible for more than 50 genetic disorders. A familiar pattern has also emerged: as the number of repeats increases with each generation, symptoms arise earlier and are more severe. Understanding these unstable repeat expansions provides a model for numerous neurological diseases. Mandel\u2019s work led to improved diagnostic tools for fragile X.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTogether <b>Harry T. Orr <\/b>and <b>Huda Y. Zoghbi <\/b>discovered ATAXN1, the gene responsible for spinocerebellar ataxia 1 (SCA1), a disease in which neurons in the cerebellum degenerate and cause the loss of balance and coordination; it is progressive, permanent, and often fatal. Working together, Orr and Zoghbi discovered that a similar repeat expansion causes SCA1 and discovered that the mutation caused proteins to misfold and clump together in cerebellar neurons, eventually leading to death. Additionally, Orr\u2019s work showed the disease could be treated and his methodology is one of the main models being used for studying neurodegenerative diseases today.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nZoghbi also uncovered the gene MECP2, which causes Rett syndrome, a rare genetic neurological disorder that primarily presents in young girls, often with autism-like symptoms, and results in devastating motor and cognitive symptoms. Zoghbi discovered that changes in the level of MECP2, a repressor of gene expression is essential for the normal function of many types of neurons in the brain. MECP2 is one of the first identified epigenetic causes for a brain disorder. Her research found that MECP2 affects hundreds of neurons and genes and that normalizing MECP2 levels through oligonucleotide therapy reverses the gene\u2019s effects.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Christopher A.<\/b> <b>Walsh<\/b> discovered more than three dozen neurological disease genes, such as the \u201cdouble cortex\u201d syndrome, a rare neuronal migration disorder that presents with seizures and intellectual impairment and is seen almost exclusively in females. His research identified genetic mutations that underlie disorders affecting the cerebral cortex and can cause structural malformations that range from subtle to profound, including some forms of epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders. Many of these discoveries came from one of Walsh\u2019s key innovations to study recessive mutations in geographically isolated families. In some of those children, Walsh made an intriguing discovery \u2013 mutations that were present in some but not all the cells of the body. They are called somatic mutations and can accumulate slowly during brain development.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>All 2022<\/b> <b>Kavli Prize Laureates<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Kavli Prize in Astrophysics:<br \/>\n<br \/><\/b>Conny Aerts (Belgium), KU Leuven.<br \/>\n<br \/>J\u00f8rgen Christensen-Dalsgaard (Denmark), Aarhus University.<br \/>\n<br \/>Roger Ulrich (USA), University of California, Los Angeles.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Kavli Prize in Nanoscience:<br \/>\n<br \/><\/b>David Allara (USA), Pennsylvania State University.<br \/>\n<br \/>Ralph Nuzzo (USA), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.<br \/>\n<br \/>Jacob Sagiv (Israel), Weizmann Institute of Science.<br \/>\n<br \/>George Whitesides (USA), Harvard University.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Kavli Prize in Neuroscience<\/b>:<br \/>\n<br \/>Jean-Louis Mandel (France), University of Strasbourg.<br \/>\n<br \/>Harry T. Orr (USA), University of Minnesota Medical School.<br \/>\n<br \/>Christopher A. Walsh (USA), Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard Medical School; Boston Children&#8217;s Hospital.<br \/>\n<br \/>Huda Y. Zoghbi (Lebanon\/USA), Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Baylor College of Medicine; Texas Children&#8217;s Hospital.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>About The Kavli Prize<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p>\nThe Kavli Prize is a partnership among The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research, and The Kavli Foundation (USA). The Kavli Prize honors scientists for breakthroughs in astrophysics, nanoscience and neuroscience that transform our understanding of the big, the small and the complex. Three million-dollar prizes are awarded every other year in each of the three fields.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nThe Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters selects the laureates based on recommendations from three independent prize committees whose members are nominated by The Chinese Academy of Sciences, The French Academy of Sciences, The Max Planck Society of Germany, The U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and The Royal Society, UK.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Kavli Prize Committees<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Astrophysics<br \/>\n<br \/><\/b>Viggo Hansteen (Chair), University of Oslo, Norway<br \/>\n<br \/>Alessandra Buonanno, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics, Germany<br \/>\n<br \/>Francoise Combes, Observatoire de Paris, France<br \/>\n<br \/>Andrea Ghez, University of California Los Angeles, USA<br \/>\n<br \/>Max Pettini, University of Cambridge, UK\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Nanoscience<br \/>\n<br \/><\/b>Bodil Holst (Chair), University of Bergen, Norway<br \/>\n<br \/>Gabriel Aeppli, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland<br \/>\n<br \/>Naomi Halas, Rice University, USA<br \/>\n<br \/>Joachim Spatz, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Germany<br \/>\n<br \/>Li-Jun Wan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Neuroscience<br \/>\n<br \/><\/b>Kristine B. Walhovd (Chair), University of Oslo, Norway<br \/>\n<br \/>Angela Friederici, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany<br \/>\n<br \/>Mary E. Hatten, The Rockefeller University, USA<br \/>\n<br \/>John O\u2019Keefe, University College London, UK<br \/>\n<br \/>Antoine Triller, Institut de Biologie de l&#8217;\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, France\n<\/p>\n<p> <b>Contacts<\/b> <\/p>\n<p>\n<b>For more information, please contact:<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p>\nMarina Tofting (Norway)<br \/>\n<br \/>The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters<br \/>\n<br \/>+ 47 938 66 312<br \/>\n<br \/><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"&#109;a&#x69;l&#x74;&#111;&#x3a;&#109;&#x61;&#114;i&#x6e;a&#x2e;&#116;&#x6f;&#102;&#x74;&#105;&#x6e;&#103;&#64;&#x64;n&#x76;&#97;&#x2e;&#110;&#x6f;\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">ma&#114;&#105;&#110;&#x61;&#x2e;&#x74;&#x6f;&#x66;ti&#110;&#103;&#64;&#x64;&#x6e;&#x76;&#x61;&#x2e;no<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p>\nStacey Bailey (United States)<br \/>\n<br \/>The Kavli Foundation<br \/>\n<br \/>+ 310 739 2859<br \/>\n<br \/><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"m&#97;&#x69;&#x6c;t&#111;&#58;&#x73;&#x62;a&#105;&#x6c;&#x65;y&#64;&#107;&#x61;&#x76;l&#105;&#x66;&#x6f;u&#110;&#100;&#x61;&#x74;i&#111;&#x6e;&#x2e;o&#114;&#103;\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">&#115;&#x62;&#x61;i&#108;&#x65;y&#64;&#x6b;&#x61;v&#108;&#x69;f&#111;&#x75;&#x6e;d&#97;&#x74;i&#111;&#x6e;&#x2e;&#111;&#114;&#x67;<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>OSLO, Norway&#8211;(BUSINESS WIRE)&#8211;#KavliPrize2022&#8211;The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters today announced the 2022 Kavli Prize Laureates in the fields of astrophysics, nanoscience, and neuroscience. Eleven scientists from six countries are honored for their research that has transformed our understanding of the big, the small and the complex. The laureates in each field will share $1 &#8230; <span class=\"more\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pharma-trend.com\/en\/the-2022-kavli-prize-honors-pioneering-scientists-for-breakthrough-discoveries-in-the-cause-of-brain-disorders-creation-of-self-assembled-monolayers-and-development-of-and-helioseismology-and-astero\/\">[Read more&#8230;]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"entry","1":"post","2":"publish","3":"author-business","4":"post-44566","6":"format-standard","7":"category-industry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The 2022 Kavli Prize Honors Pioneering Scientists for Breakthrough Discoveries in the Cause of Brain Disorders, Creation of Self-assembled Monolayers, and Development of and Helioseismology and Asteroseismology - Pharma Trend<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pharma-trend.com\/en\/the-2022-kavli-prize-honors-pioneering-scientists-for-breakthrough-discoveries-in-the-cause-of-brain-disorders-creation-of-self-assembled-monolayers-and-development-of-and-helioseismology-and-astero\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The 2022 Kavli Prize Honors Pioneering Scientists for Breakthrough Discoveries in the Cause of Brain Disorders, Creation of Self-assembled Monolayers, and Development of and Helioseismology and Asteroseismology - Pharma Trend\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"OSLO, Norway&#8211;(BUSINESS WIRE)&#8211;#KavliPrize2022&#8211;The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters today announced the 2022 Kavli Prize Laureates in the fields of astrophysics, nanoscience, and neuroscience. Eleven scientists from six countries are honored for their research that has transformed our understanding of the big, the small and the complex. The laureates in each field will share $1 ... 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